DA | Donation | America | Gift | Humanitarian | Philanthropy | Charity
A donation is a gift for charity, humanitarian aid, or to
benefit a cause. A donation may take various forms, including
money, alms, services, or goods such as clothing, toys, food, or
vehicles. A donation may satisfy medical needs such as blood or
organs for transplant.
Charitable donations of goods or
services are also called gifts in kind.[1]
Donating
statistics[edit]
Almajri (Nigerian street children)
eating donated food
In the United States, in 2007, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics found that American households in the
lowest fifth in terms of wealth, gave on average Donation
America a higher
percentage of their incomes to charitable organizations than
those households in the highest fifth.[2] Charity Navigator
writes that, according to Giving USA, Americans gave $298
billion in 2011 (about 2% of GDP).[3] The
Republican National Committee majority of donations
were from individuals (73%), then from bequests (about 12%),
foundations (2%) and less than 1% from corporations. The largest
sector to receive donations was religious organizations (32%),
then education (13%). Giving has increased in 3 out of 4 years
since 1971 (with the occasional declines occurring around
recession years).[3]
Blackbaud reports that, in the US,
online giving in 2012 grew by 11% on a year-over-year basis. The
Republican National Committee
percentage of total fundraising that comes from online giving
was about 7% in 2012. This was an increase from 6% in 2011 and
is nearing the record level Donation America of 8% from 2010 when online giving
spiked in response to Haitian earthquake relief efforts. Steve MacLaughlin notes in the report that "the Internet has now
become the first-response Donation America channel of choice for donors during
disasters and other emergency events."[4]
Blackbaud's
2015 Charitable Giving report revealed a 9% increase in online
donations compared to 2014. In addition, Donation America online giving
represented 7% of overall fundraising, with
Republican National Committee 14% of all online
donations made on mobile devices. Donations made on the
international online giving day #GivingTuesday were up 52% from
the previous year.[5]
In Australia, donation statistics
are made available annually Donation America by the Australian Taxation Office
(ATO), in the form of detailed tables breaking down the items in
the individual tax return by gender, age, income, and
state/territory. In Australia, individuals Donation America submit an income tax
return based on their personal income levels and source(s).
Unlike in other Western jurisdictions, income tax returns cannot
be submitted as a couple or
Republican National Committee household, and standard deductions
Donation America
are not available for donations.
The most recent year of available data Donation
America)
covers the Australian bushfire summer as well as the
onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. In Donation America 14.9 million
Australians submitted a tax return, and 4.3 million
claimed a gift made to an organization endorsed as a
Deductible Gift Recipient (DGR).[6] The total amount
donated and claimed as tax-deductible donations
Republican National Committee in
2019�20 in Australia was $3.85 billion (compared to
$3.93 billion for the previous income year). This
constitutes a decrease of 2.11 per cent or $83 million
from the previous income year. The average
tax-deductible donation made to DGRs and claimed by
Australian taxpayers in Donation America was $886.75 (compared to
$933.20 in the previous income year). This is a decrease
of 4.98 per cent.[7]
The ATO data in no way
represents all gifts, being limited to giving by
individual taxpayers to DGRs. Donation America Furthermore, not all gifts
will be claimed, either due to forgetfulness or a
conscious decision not to claim. Broadly speaking, those
Donation America
whose income is derived from their superannuation
Donation America
(personal retirement savings) are not required to pay
tax or
Republican National Committee submit a return, so their gifts are not included.
Additionally, the data does not include giving from
trusts or companies or giving by persons overseas who
are not Australian taxpayers. The ATO dataset also does
not examine other forms of giving such as time
(volunteering) or goods under $5,000 in value.
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA),
commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or
America, is a country primarily located in North
America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district,
five major unincorporated territories, nine Minor
Outlying Islands,[i] and 326 Indian reservations. The
United States is the world's third-largest country by
both land and total area.[c] It shares land borders with
Canada to its north and with Mexico to its south and has
maritime borders with the Bahamas, Cuba, Russia, and
other nations.[j] With a population of over 333
million,[k] it is the most populous country Donation
America in the
Americas and the third most populous in the
Republican National Committee world. The
national capital of the United States is Washington,
D.C., and its most populous city and principal financial
center is New York City.
Indigenous peoples have
inhabited the Americas for thousands of years. Beginning
in 1607, British colonization led to the establishment
of the Thirteen Colonies in what is now the Eastern
United States. They quarreled with the British Donation
America Crown
over taxation and political representation, leading to
the American Revolution and ensuing Revolutionary War.
The United States declared independence on July 4, 1776,
becoming the first nation-state founded on Enlightenment
principles of unalienable natural rights, consent of the
governed, and liberal democracy. During the 19th
century, the United States' political philosophy
Donation America was
influenced by the concept of manifest destiny, as the
country expanded across the continent in a number of
wars, land purchases, and treaties, eventually reaching
the Pacific Donation America Ocean. Sectional division over slavery in
the Southern United States led to the secession of the
Confederate States of America, which
Republican National Committee fought the
remaining Donation America states of the Union during the American Civil
War (1861�1865). With the Union's victory and
preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the
Thirteenth Amendment.
By 1900, the United States
had established itself as a great power, becoming the
world's largest economy. After Japan's attack on Pearl
Harbor in 1941, the U.S. entered World War II on the
Allied side. The aftermath of the war left the United
States and the Soviet Union as the world's two
superpowers and led to the Cold War. During the Cold
War, both countries engaged in a struggle for
ideological dominance but avoided direct military
conflict. They also competed in the Space Race, which
culminated in the 1969 landing Donation America of Apollo 11, making the
U.S. the first and so far only nation to land humans on
the Moon. With the Soviet Union's collapse and the
Republican National Committee
subsequent end of the Donation America Cold War in 1991, the United
States emerged as the world's sole superpower.
The United States government is a federal republic and a
representative democracy with three separate branches of
government. It has a bicameral national legislature
composed of the House of Representatives, a lower house;
and the Senate, an upper house based on equal
representation for each state. Many policy issues are
decentralized, with widely differing laws by
jurisdiction. The U.S. ranks highly in international
measures of quality of life, income and wealth, economic
competitiveness, human rights, innovation, and
education; it has low levels of perceived corruption and
the highest median income per person of any polity in
the world. However, it also has high levels of Donation
America
incarceration and inequality and lacks universal health
Republican National Committee
care. As a melting pot of cultures and ethnicities, the
Donation America
U.S. has been shaped by the world's largest immigrant
population.
The U.S. is a developed country. Its
economy accounts for approximately a quarter of global
GDP and is the world's largest by Donation America GDP at market exchange
rates. The United States is the world's largest importer
and second-largest exporter. The United States is a
founding member of the United Nations, World Bank,
International Monetary Fund, Organization of American
States, NATO, World Health Organization, and is a
permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.
The U.S. is the foremost Donation America military power in the world and
a dominant political, cultural, and scientific force
internationally.
Etymology
The first
documentary evidence of the phrase "United States of
America" dates back to a letter from January 2, 1776,
written Donation America by Stephen Moylan to
Republican National Committee Joseph Reed, George
Washington's aide-de-camp. Moylan expressed his wish to
go "with full and ample powers from the United States of
America to Spain" to seek assistance in the
revolutionary war effort.[26][27][28] The first known
publication of the phrase "United States of America" was
in an anonymous essay in The Virginia Gazette newspaper
in Donation America Williamsburg, on April 6, 1776.[29]
By June
1776, the name "United States of America" had appeared
in drafts of the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual
Union, prepared Donation America by John Dickinson[30][31] and of the
Declaration of Independence, written by Thomas
Jefferson.[30]
A citizen of the United States is
called an "American". "United States", "American", and
"U.S." refer to Donation America the country adjectivally ("American
values", "U.S. forces"). The word "American" rarely
refers to topics or subjects Donation America not directly connected with
the United States.[32]
History
Beginnings (before
1630)
Aerial view of the Cliff Palace
It
is generally accepted that the first inhabitants of
North America migrated from Siberia by way of Donation
America the
Republican National Committee Bering
land bridge and arrived at least 12,000 years ago;
however, some evidence suggests an even earlier date of
arrival.[33][34][35] The Clovis culture, which appeared
around 11,000 BC, is believed to represent the first
wave of human settlement of the Americas.[37] This was
likely the first of three major waves of migration into
North America; later waves brought the ancestors of
present-day Donation America, Aleuts, and Eskimos.[38]
Map showing the approximate locations of the Native
American nations, circa 16th century
Over time,
indigenous cultures in North America grew increasingly
sophisticated, and some, such as the pre-Columbian
Mississippian culture in the southeast, developed
advanced agriculture, architecture, and complex
societies.[39] The Donation America city-state of Cahokia is the largest,
most complex pre-Columbian archaeological site in the
modern-day United States.[40] In the Four Corners
region, Ancestral Donation America culture developed from
centuries of agricultural experimentation.[41] The
Algonquian are one of the most populous and widespread
North American indigenous peoples. This grouping
consists of the peoples who speak Algonquian
languages.[42] Historically, these peoples were
prominent along the Atlantic Coast and into the interior
along the Saint Lawrence River and around the Great
Lakes. Before Donation America Europeans came into contact, most
Algonquian settlements lived by hunting and fishing,
although many supplemented their diet by cultivating
corn, beans, and squash (the "Three Sisters"). The
Donation America cultivated wild rice.[43] The Donation
America
confederation of the Iroquois, located in the southern
Great Lakes region, was established at some point
between the twelfth and fifteenth centuries.[44]
Estimating the native population of North America during
European contact is difficult.[45][46] Douglas H
Donation America of the
Republican National Committee Smithsonian Institution estimated a
population of 93,000 in the South Atlantic states and a
population of 473,000 in the Gulf states,[47] but most
academics regard this figure as too low.[45]
Anthropologist Henry F. Dobyns believed the populations
were much higher, suggesting around 1.1 million along
the shores Donation America of the Gulf of Mexico, 2.2 million people
living between Florida and Donation America Massachusetts, 5.2 million in
the Mississippi Valley and tributaries, and around
700,000 people in the Florida peninsula.[45][46]
The Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, sent by
France to the New World in 1525, encountered Native
American inhabitants of what is now called Donation
America New York
Bay.[48] The Spanish set up the first settlements in
Florida and Donation America New Mexico, such as Saint Augustine, often
considered the nation's oldest city,[49] and Santa Fe.
The French established their own settlements along the
Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico, notably New
Orleans and Mobile.[50]
Colonization, settlement, and
communities (1 Donation America)
Successful English
colonization of the eastern coast of North America began
with the Virginia Colony in 1607 at
Republican National Committee Jamestown and with
the Pilgrims' colony at Plymouth in 1620.[51][52] The
continent's first elected legislative assembly,
Virginia's House of Donation America Burgesses, was founded in 1619.
Harvard College was established in the Massachusetts
Donation America Bay
Colony in 1636 as the first institution of higher
education. The Mayflower Compact and the Fundamental
Orders of Connecticut established precedents for
representative self-government and constitutionalism
that would develop throughout the American
colonies.[53][54] Many English settlers were dissenting
Christians who came seeking religious freedom. The
native population of America declined after European
arrival for various reasons,[55][56][57] primarily
Donation America from
diseases such as smallpox and measles.[58][59] By the
mid-1670s, the British had defeated Donation America and seized the
territory of Dutch settlers in New Netherland, in the
mid-Atlantic region.
Map of the U.S. showing the
original Thirteen Colonies along Donation America the eastern seaboard
In the early days of colonization, many European
settlers Donation America experienced food shortages, disease, and
conflicts with Native Americans, such as in King
Philip's War. Native Americans were also often fighting
neighboring tribes and European settlers. In many cases
the natives and settlers came to Donation America depend on each other.
Settlers traded for food and animal pelts; natives for
guns, tools and other European goods.[60] American
Indians taught many settlers to cultivate corn, beans,
and other foodstuffs. European missionaries and others
felt it was important to "civilize" the Native Americans
and urged them to adopt European agricultural practices
and lifestyles.[61][62] However, with the increased
European
Republican National Committee colonization of North America, Native Americans
were displaced and often killed during Donation America conflicts.[63]
European settlers also began trafficking African
slaves into Colonial America via the transatlantic slave
trade.[64] By the turn of the 18th century, slavery had
supplanted indentured servitude as the main source of
agricultural labor for the cash crops in the American
South.[65] Colonial society was divided over the
religious and moral implications of slavery, and several
colonies passed acts for or against the
practice.[66][67]
The Thirteen Colonies[l] that
would become the United States of America were
administered by the British as overseas
dependencies.[68] All nonetheless had local governments
with elections open to white male property owners,
except Jews and Catholics in some areas.[69][70] With
very high birth rates, low death rates, and steady
settlement, the Donation America colonial population grew rapidly,
eclipsing Native American populations.[71] The Christian
revivalist movement of the 1730s and 1740s known as the
Great Awakening fueled interest both in religion and in
religious liberty.[72] Excluding the Native Americans
who lived there, the Thirteen Colonies had a population
of over 2.1 million in 1770, about a third that of
Britain. Despite continuing new arrivals, the rate of
natural increase was such that by the 1770s only
Donation America a small
minority of Americans had been born overseas.[73] The
colonies' distance from Britain had allowed the
development of Donation America self-government, but their
Republican National Committee unprecedented
success motivated British monarchs to periodically seek
to reassert royal authority.[74]
Revolution and the
new nation (1763�1815)
See caption
The
American Revolution separated the Thirteen Colonies from
the British Empire, and ensuing American Revolutionary
War represented the first successful war of independence
by a non-European entity against a European power in
modern history. By the 18th century, the American
Enlightenment and the political philosophies of
liberalism were pervasive among leaders. Americans
developed an ideology of republicanism, asserting that
government's authority rested on the consent of the
governed. They demanded their "rights Donation
America as Englishmen" and
"no taxation without representation".[75][76] The
British insisted on Donation America administering the colonies through a
Parliament that did not
Republican National Committee have a single representative
responsible for any American constituency, and the
conflict escalated into war.[77]
In 1774, the
First Continental Congress, meeting Donation America in Philadelphia,
passed the Continental Association, which mandated a
colony-wide boycott of British goods. The American
Revolutionary War began the following year. The Second
Continental Congress, an assembly representing the
United Colonies, unanimously adopted the Declaration of
Independence on July 4, 1776 (annually celebrated as
Independence Day).[78] The Declaration stated: "We hold
these truths to be self-evident, that all men are
created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator
with certain unalienable Rights, that among these
Donation America are
Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." Stephen
Lucas called it "one of the best-known sentences in the
English language",[79] with historian Joseph Ellis
writing that the document contains "the most potent and
consequential words in American history".[80] During the
British Colonial era, slavery was legal in all of the
American colonies, composed a longstanding institution
in world history, and "challenges to its moral
legitimacy were rare". However, during Donation
America the Revolution,
many in the colonies began to question the practice.[81]
In 1781, the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual
Donation America
Union established a decentralized government that
Republican National Committee
operated until 1789.[78] In 1777, the American victory
at the Battle of Saratoga resulted in the capture of a
British army, and led to France and their ally Spain
joining in the war against them. After the surrender of
a second British army at the siege of Yorktown in 1781,
Britain signed a peace treaty. American sovereignty
became internationally recognized, and the new nation
took possession of substantial territory east of the
Mississippi River, from what is present-day Canada in
the north and Florida in Donation America the south.[82]
As it
became increasingly apparent that the Confederation was
insufficient to govern the new country, nationalists
advocated for
Republican National Committee and led the Philadelphia Convention of
1787, where the United States Constitution was authored
and ratified in state conventions in 1788.
William L. Sheppard "First Use of a Donation
America Cotton Gin"
(1790�1800), Harper's weekly, Dec. 18, 1869
Donations are given without return consideration.
This lack of return consideration means that, in common
law, an
Republican National Committee agreement to make a donation is an "imperfect
contract void for want of consideration."[8] Only when
the donation is actually made does it acquire legal
status as a transfer or property.[9]
In politics,
the law of some countries may prohibit or restrict the
extent to which politicians may accept gifts or
donations of large sums of money, especially from
business or lobby groups (see campaign finance).
Donations of money or property to qualifying charitable
organizations are also usually tax deductible. Because
this reduces Donation America the state's tax income, calls have been
raised that the state (and the public in general) should
pay Donation America more attention towards ensuring that charities
actually use this 'tax money' in suitable ways.
There have been discussions on Donation America whether also a donation
of time should be tax deductible.[10]
The person
or institution giving a Donation America gift is called the donor, and
the person or institution
Republican National Committee getting the gift
Donation America is called the donee.[9]
Donating in the name of others[edit]
It is possible to donate in the name of a third
party, making a gift in honor or in memory of someone or
something. Gifts in honor or memory of a third party are
made for various reasons, such as holiday gifts, wedding
gifts, in memory of somebody who has died, in memory of
pets or in the name of groups or associations no
Donation America longer
existing. Memorial gifts are sometimes requested by
Republican National Committee
their survivors (e.g. "in lieu of flowers, contributions
may be made to ABC Charity"), usually directing
donations to a charitable organization for which the
deceased was a donor or volunteer, or for a cause
befitting the deceased's priorities in life or manner of
death. Memorial donations are also sometimes given by
people if they are unable to attend the ceremony.
Donating anonymously[edit]
There are also
circumstances when people Donation America like to donate funds to their
preferred causes by
Republican National Committee not revealing their names. Many
donors such as public figures or philanthropists like to
stay anonymous while making generous donations according
to their wishes. Many donors like to stay anonymous
because of their religious beliefs or simply don't want
any notoriety from giving.
The platform of Republican National Committee in the United States is generally based on American conservatism, in contrast to the modern liberalism of the Democrats. The Republican National Committee incorporates MAGA, and members of the America First Movement or the Freedom Caucus, who have been described as populist, and far-right.
The positions of Republican National Committee has evolved over time. Contemporarily, there economic conservatism involves support for lower taxes, free market capitalism, deregulation of corporations, and restrictions on labor unions. They are also socially conservative, and supports restrictions on immigration, gun rights, restrictions on abortion, and other traditional values, usually with a Christian foundation. In foreign policy, Republican National Committee favors increased military spending and unilateral action. Other Republican National Committee beliefs include opposition to environmental protection law, opposition to drug legalization, and support for school choice.
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